World Englishes

World Englishes  refers to the different  varieties of English and for emerging localized or indigenized varieties of English, especially those territories influenced by the United Kingdom or the United States. The study of World Englishes entails of classifying varieties of English used in varied sociolinguistic contexts globally and analyzing how histories of sociolinguistic, multicultural backgrounds and function contexts influence in different regions of the world the use of English. Today, we live in a society which is multilingual for wherever you go, you will be able to meet diverse groups of people who speak individually different tongues. At the same time is when we interact with people from different countries, we hear English with a variety of fluency which often differs from the so-called standard English in terms of pronunciation,  lexis, expression and  grammar (Kubota,  2001). Kashmiri-American linguist Braj B. Kachru, the research pioneer on these linguistic variations and claimed World Englishes  in 1986 initially to refer to the institutionalized varieties of English (Hornberger & McKay, 2010). The term World Englishes is now used to define or describe the nativized and diverse ranges of English spoken in non-native countries, and Kachru (1986) explains that the spreading of English can be categorized into a three concentric circle model that represents the spread and growth of English in the world. In the field of Applied Linguistics, it has been invaluable for researchers to come to grasps with the implications of the omnipresent, highly composite and scary existence of the language. According to Kachru (2003), the world is divided into different circles: the inner circle, countries like United Kingdom, USA, Canada, New Zealand, Australia where English is the L1 or native language, outer circle, countries like Singapore and Philippines which is a community with large speech, great diversity and distinct characteristics while the expanding circle, Chile and Holland which English is an international language where performance varieties were characterized. English may vary or performs in different ways according to the situations, settings, or contexts in which English employed by the speakers from the three circles mentioned. The world Englishes are the result of these diverse sociocultural contexts and diverse uses of the language in culturally distinct international contexts. The agony in world Englishes is the â€Å"Torn between the norms†- the conflict about whose norm should be followed or legitimized from the different varieties in the face of a checkerboard of English use in the world today. They are the ones who have not had an opportunity to study or learn the language and may not be in a state of ecstasy. The ecstasy: English is everywhere, but not available for all people. It gives privileges to those who learned the language formally in schools or acquired it in an early age. The following approaches, in recent years have been used to study world Englishes: (1) the deficit approach; (2) the deviational approach; (3) the contextualization approach; (4) the variational approach; and (5) the interactional approach. The first two approaches have dominated the field out of the five approaches and believed to be the least insightful. The following are just merely a commentary of the issues which are given the utmost importance for our understanding of English in its world context. The following are thus a critique primarily of the two approaches, and that such approaches reflect in the attitudes. (1) Ontological Issues: Conflict between idealization and reality. The issues of attitudes and identity is the core of the problem which attitudes are only partially determined toward a variety of English by linguistic considerations. With concern in the varieties of English, there are two major positions in the Outer Circle: first, the nativist monomodel position, second the functional polymodel position. The monomodel position is well-articulated in two studies; one by Clifford Prator (1968) and by Randolph Quirk (1988) which is almost a generation apart when presented. Quirk sees language range mainly with reference to three models: the demographic, the econo-cultural, and imperial. In the demographic model, population spread together with the language and resulted in several varieties of English in the Inner Circle. The econo-cultural, it says that language spread even though there is no serious population spread. The imperial model, the spread of the language is the result of political (colonial) domination. The last two models resulted in the endocentric varieties of English in Africa, Asia, and the Philippines over a period of time (see e.g. Kachru 1982 and 1986a). The endocentric models are what Quirk's concerns, and their instructions or teaching implications, the English international currency, and generally, the English language good linguistic health. As to the serious practitioners of applied linguistics, it raises a number of questions relevant to them. The second position relates the formal and functional characteristics of English to appropriate sociolinguistic and interactional contexts.

Banana Peel as an Alternative Floor Wax Research paper

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: The problem and its settings Statement of the problem Importance and Significance of the study Definition of terms Scope and Delimitation of study Conceptual Framework CHAPTER II: Related Literature Studies CHAPTER III: Methods of Research and Procedure CHAPTER IV: Analysis Presentation and Interpretation of Data CHAPTER V: Summary, Conclusion Recommendation CHAPTER VI:  Bibliography Chapter I: The problem and its setting The Statement of the problem: a) Can banana be an alternative source in making a floor wax? b) Can Pandan leaves helps to lessen the original odor of a particular products? MISSION: To know if the banana peels can be an alternative source of making floor wax and also to create a floor wax that has a less odor compared to the other floor wax that we had. To inform are target market that they can create floor wax by using banana peels. The purpose of this research is to innovate the reusable banana peels to lessen environmental waste. VISION: In 2015, we tend to educate families that they can make a home made floor ax by themselves. In this case, they can save money as well as they can save mother earth. We also want to extend the knowledge to those in the public schools who mostly used floor wax to make their classroom floor shiny. This will educate them that they can make an alternative floor wax instead of buying commercial floor wax. Importance and Significance of the Study This study can give benefits to the people especially to the poor ones to save money for their other needs. Especially in schools, it will give a benefit to the students as well as their parents to save money. Not only on that, this study help people who really used a floor wax in school or even on their house that their health are not affected because we did this wax to lessen the odor of original floor wax. * Scope and Delimitations of Study This study is only limited for the investigation of banana used as alternative source for floor wax making. We chose this study for further investigation if the banana can be an effective source for floor wax and how we can help our mother earth though we are only a student. Definition of Terms a) Banana Peel – main ingredient in making floor wax. b) Pandan leaf – the beneficial plant gave our product an aroma. c) Crude fiber – * Conceptual Framework INPUT * Banana Peel * Pandan Leaves * Candle * Kerosene * Dye OUTPUT An alternative floor wax which is eco-friendly and not hazardous to children’s health. PROCESS All the materials should be prepared. Slice the Banana and Pandan. Crush the candles. Use a casserole to boil a 2cups of water. Boil the pandan within 30minutes. Put the banana peel together with the pandan. Put a 1/2cup of kerosene and 3 teaspoon of cooking oil and dye. Observe the color to know if the extract of the Banana Peel change. Strain and squeeze the banana peel with pandan. Put the crushed candles into casserole and until it melts. Combine the melted candles and the extract of banana peel with pandan. Wait until it forms like a wax. Chapter II: Related  Literature Studies BANANA  is the  common name  for a fruit and also the  herbaceous  plants of the  genusMusa  which produce the commonly eaten fruit. They are native to the tropical region of  Southeast Asia  and  Australia. Today, they are cultivated throughout the  tropics. Banana plants are of the  family  Musaceae. They are cultivated primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent for the production of fiber and as ornamental plants. As the bananas are mainly tall, upright, and fairly sturdy, they are often mistaken for trees, when the truth is the main or upright stem is called a pseudostem, literally meaning â€Å"fake stem†, which for some species can obtain a height of up to 2–8 m, with  leaves of up to 3. 5 m in length. Each pseudostem would produce a bunch of yellow, green, or even red bananas before dying and being replaced by another pseudostem. Banana leaves are widely used as plates and for lining cooking pits and for wrapping food for cooking or storage. A section of leaf often serves as an eye-shade. In Latin America, it is a common practice during rains to hold a banana leaf by the petiole, upside-down, over one’s back as an â€Å"umbrella† or â€Å"raincoat†. The leaves of the ‘Fehi’ banana are used for thatching, packing, and cigarette wrappers. Pandan is widely known for the many uses it contributes to us. It is a very beneficial plant that provides many useful things for our day to day life. The aroma of the  pandan leaves  is unique very hard to describe. It is somewhat nutty, similar to fresh hay which is eventually pleasant. You can also found this kind of aroma in some varieties of rice that are grown in South East Asian countries. A good example to that is the Thai Jasmin Rice. The distinct development of the aroma of the said leaves is best when it is wilting because the freshly picked pandan leaf is eventually odourless. But if you dry it, it would surely lose the aroma very quickly. On the other hand, the flavour component of the said plant is still unknown. Some experts suggested that the aroma comes from a volatile product of oxidation degragation of a yellow carotenoid pigment fround on the plant and forms only when the plant is withered. In that aspect, the pandan leaves is also similar to rose and saffron which also has a caratenoid derived aroma compound that makes it smell extra good. Pandan leaves  are a very famous plant in some Asian countries. It contributes a lot in many different ways but most distinctly to enhance the aroma of rice and other rice products, maybe because Pandan leaves has a hay-like odour. There is also other usage of pandan leaves that would contribute a lot to us. The following common usages of  Pandan Leaves  are as follows. The most common use of pandan leaves, especially people in Asia, to add a subtle flavour of pandan in your food. It contributes a very good smell when added in the top of the rice so that, it will produce a good smell. It is very useful since it can add appetite to anyone who will eat the cooked rice. People in Asian countries tend to enjoy eating that kind of rice. It is also best if you add coconut milk together with pandan leaves in the cooked rice. That will result to a very special taste you could ever imagine. You could not compare its taste to anything. It is simply delicious that you can forget it comes from pandan leaves. Another useful thing you can produce through pandan leaves is that you can create a paste out of it. This kind of paste can be use in several kinds of recipes. You just simply cut the leaves, 1 inch each leaves, then place it in a pot at the stove. Add a cup of water to it and place as many leaves as long as it fits the pot. Boil the said mixture. Wait until the leaves are soft. Allow some water to evaporate. Lastly, process the water and the in a food processor to create a paste. By following those simple steps, you will be able to create something useful out of pandan leaves. Floor wax can be made out of used candle by heating the used candles till they melt completely, then we add a little kerosene to the melted candles. This is an excellent polish especially for wooden floors as they keep termites away. Organic matter is the peel’s principal constituent. Proteins account for 0. percent by weight of the peel, lipids are 1. 7 percent, carbohydrates are 59. 1 percent and crude fiber is 31. 7 percent. This composition makes the peel a good animal feedstock. Wood flooring brings an old time, rustic elegance to your home that lasts a life time. Unfortunately, many home owners do not know the correct way to clean and care for their wood floors. A common method for cleaning wood floors is with the use of oil soap. Many wood flooring manufacturers state that using oil soap on your flooring will void the warranty. Oil soap is essentially vegetable oil and vegetable oil leaves a residue behind. For centuries, people have used kerosene to clean their wood flooring. Kerosene will not only keep your floors from looking dull, but it removes heal marks, crayon and lipsticks without causing harm to your floors Chapter III: Methods of Research and Procedure Procedures: All the materials should be prepared. Slice the Banana and Pandan. Crush the candles. Use a casserole to boil a 2cups of water. Boil the pandan within 30minutes. Put the banana peel together with the pandan. Put a 1/2cup of kerosene and 3 teaspoon of cooking oil and dye. Observe the color to know if the extract of the Banana Peel change. Strain and squeeze the banana peel with pandan. 10. Put the crushed candles into casserole and until it melts. Combine the melted candles and the extract of banana peel with pandan. Wait until it form like a wax. Chapter  IV: Analysis Presentation and Interpretation of Data SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE PART I SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE PART II Chapter  V: Summary, Conclusion Recommendation CONCLUSION Banana peel has its many uses. One of these is as an alternative resource in making floorwax. It contains good fiber that makes the wax smoother and shiner. It offers the same quality just like the other common floorwax can offer. Moreover, it is cheaper and has a nicer fragrance than the former. Recommendation: The researcher would highly recommended that we could use banana floor wax instead of busy commercial floor wax in the market because it is cheaper and fits in our budget.   Bibliography http://www. hort. purdue. edu/newcrop/morton/banana. html#Other%20Uses http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Banana Components of a Banana Peel | eHow. com http://www. ehow. com/info_10033568_components-banana-peel. html#ixzz2KKGbgW6A How to Clean Wood Floors With Kerosene | eHow. com http://www. ehow. com/how_6153768_clean-wood-floors-kerosene. html#ixzz2KKVytGce Banana Peel as an Alternative Floor Wax Research paper TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I: The problem and its settings Statement of the problem Importance and Significance of the study Definition of terms Scope and Delimitation of study Conceptual Framework CHAPTER II: Related Literature Studies CHAPTER III: Methods of Research and Procedure CHAPTER IV: Analysis Presentation and Interpretation of Data CHAPTER V: Summary, Conclusion Recommendation CHAPTER VI:  Bibliography Chapter I: The problem and its setting The Statement of the problem: a) Can banana be an alternative source in making a floor wax? b) Can Pandan leaves helps to lessen the original odor of a particular products? MISSION: To know if the banana peels can be an alternative source of making floor wax and also to create a floor wax that has a less odor compared to the other floor wax that we had. To inform are target market that they can create floor wax by using banana peels. The purpose of this research is to innovate the reusable banana peels to lessen environmental waste. VISION: In 2015, we tend to educate families that they can make a home made floor ax by themselves. In this case, they can save money as well as they can save mother earth. We also want to extend the knowledge to those in the public schools who mostly used floor wax to make their classroom floor shiny. This will educate them that they can make an alternative floor wax instead of buying commercial floor wax. Importance and Significance of the Study This study can give benefits to the people especially to the poor ones to save money for their other needs. Especially in schools, it will give a benefit to the students as well as their parents to save money. Not only on that, this study help people who really used a floor wax in school or even on their house that their health are not affected because we did this wax to lessen the odor of original floor wax. * Scope and Delimitations of Study This study is only limited for the investigation of banana used as alternative source for floor wax making. We chose this study for further investigation if the banana can be an effective source for floor wax and how we can help our mother earth though we are only a student. Definition of Terms a) Banana Peel – main ingredient in making floor wax. b) Pandan leaf – the beneficial plant gave our product an aroma. c) Crude fiber – * Conceptual Framework INPUT * Banana Peel * Pandan Leaves * Candle * Kerosene * Dye OUTPUT An alternative floor wax which is eco-friendly and not hazardous to children’s health. PROCESS All the materials should be prepared. Slice the Banana and Pandan. Crush the candles. Use a casserole to boil a 2cups of water. Boil the pandan within 30minutes. Put the banana peel together with the pandan. Put a 1/2cup of kerosene and 3 teaspoon of cooking oil and dye. Observe the color to know if the extract of the Banana Peel change. Strain and squeeze the banana peel with pandan. Put the crushed candles into casserole and until it melts. Combine the melted candles and the extract of banana peel with pandan. Wait until it forms like a wax. Chapter II: Related  Literature Studies BANANA  is the  common name  for a fruit and also the  herbaceous  plants of the  genusMusa  which produce the commonly eaten fruit. They are native to the tropical region of  Southeast Asia  and  Australia. Today, they are cultivated throughout the  tropics. Banana plants are of the  family  Musaceae. They are cultivated primarily for their fruit, and to a lesser extent for the production of fiber and as ornamental plants. As the bananas are mainly tall, upright, and fairly sturdy, they are often mistaken for trees, when the truth is the main or upright stem is called a pseudostem, literally meaning â€Å"fake stem†, which for some species can obtain a height of up to 2–8 m, with  leaves of up to 3. 5 m in length. Each pseudostem would produce a bunch of yellow, green, or even red bananas before dying and being replaced by another pseudostem. Banana leaves are widely used as plates and for lining cooking pits and for wrapping food for cooking or storage. A section of leaf often serves as an eye-shade. In Latin America, it is a common practice during rains to hold a banana leaf by the petiole, upside-down, over one’s back as an â€Å"umbrella† or â€Å"raincoat†. The leaves of the ‘Fehi’ banana are used for thatching, packing, and cigarette wrappers. Pandan is widely known for the many uses it contributes to us. It is a very beneficial plant that provides many useful things for our day to day life. The aroma of the  pandan leaves  is unique very hard to describe. It is somewhat nutty, similar to fresh hay which is eventually pleasant. You can also found this kind of aroma in some varieties of rice that are grown in South East Asian countries. A good example to that is the Thai Jasmin Rice. The distinct development of the aroma of the said leaves is best when it is wilting because the freshly picked pandan leaf is eventually odourless. But if you dry it, it would surely lose the aroma very quickly. On the other hand, the flavour component of the said plant is still unknown. Some experts suggested that the aroma comes from a volatile product of oxidation degragation of a yellow carotenoid pigment fround on the plant and forms only when the plant is withered. In that aspect, the pandan leaves is also similar to rose and saffron which also has a caratenoid derived aroma compound that makes it smell extra good. Pandan leaves  are a very famous plant in some Asian countries. It contributes a lot in many different ways but most distinctly to enhance the aroma of rice and other rice products, maybe because Pandan leaves has a hay-like odour. There is also other usage of pandan leaves that would contribute a lot to us. The following common usages of  Pandan Leaves  are as follows. The most common use of pandan leaves, especially people in Asia, to add a subtle flavour of pandan in your food. It contributes a very good smell when added in the top of the rice so that, it will produce a good smell. It is very useful since it can add appetite to anyone who will eat the cooked rice. People in Asian countries tend to enjoy eating that kind of rice. It is also best if you add coconut milk together with pandan leaves in the cooked rice. That will result to a very special taste you could ever imagine. You could not compare its taste to anything. It is simply delicious that you can forget it comes from pandan leaves. Another useful thing you can produce through pandan leaves is that you can create a paste out of it. This kind of paste can be use in several kinds of recipes. You just simply cut the leaves, 1 inch each leaves, then place it in a pot at the stove. Add a cup of water to it and place as many leaves as long as it fits the pot. Boil the said mixture. Wait until the leaves are soft. Allow some water to evaporate. Lastly, process the water and the in a food processor to create a paste. By following those simple steps, you will be able to create something useful out of pandan leaves. Floor wax can be made out of used candle by heating the used candles till they melt completely, then we add a little kerosene to the melted candles. This is an excellent polish especially for wooden floors as they keep termites away. Organic matter is the peel’s principal constituent. Proteins account for 0. percent by weight of the peel, lipids are 1. 7 percent, carbohydrates are 59. 1 percent and crude fiber is 31. 7 percent. This composition makes the peel a good animal feedstock. Wood flooring brings an old time, rustic elegance to your home that lasts a life time. Unfortunately, many home owners do not know the correct way to clean and care for their wood floors. A common method for cleaning wood floors is with the use of oil soap. Many wood flooring manufacturers state that using oil soap on your flooring will void the warranty. Oil soap is essentially vegetable oil and vegetable oil leaves a residue behind. For centuries, people have used kerosene to clean their wood flooring. Kerosene will not only keep your floors from looking dull, but it removes heal marks, crayon and lipsticks without causing harm to your floors Chapter III: Methods of Research and Procedure Procedures: All the materials should be prepared. Slice the Banana and Pandan. Crush the candles. Use a casserole to boil a 2cups of water. Boil the pandan within 30minutes. Put the banana peel together with the pandan. Put a 1/2cup of kerosene and 3 teaspoon of cooking oil and dye. Observe the color to know if the extract of the Banana Peel change. Strain and squeeze the banana peel with pandan. 10. Put the crushed candles into casserole and until it melts. Combine the melted candles and the extract of banana peel with pandan. Wait until it form like a wax. Chapter  IV: Analysis Presentation and Interpretation of Data SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE PART I SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE PART II Chapter  V: Summary, Conclusion Recommendation CONCLUSION Banana peel has its many uses. One of these is as an alternative resource in making floorwax. It contains good fiber that makes the wax smoother and shiner. It offers the same quality just like the other common floorwax can offer. Moreover, it is cheaper and has a nicer fragrance than the former. Recommendation: The researcher would highly recommended that we could use banana floor wax instead of busy commercial floor wax in the market because it is cheaper and fits in our budget.   Bibliography http://www. hort. purdue. edu/newcrop/morton/banana. html#Other%20Uses http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Banana Components of a Banana Peel | eHow. com http://www. ehow. com/info_10033568_components-banana-peel. html#ixzz2KKGbgW6A How to Clean Wood Floors With Kerosene | eHow. com http://www. ehow. com/how_6153768_clean-wood-floors-kerosene. html#ixzz2KKVytGce

Issues in Employee Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Issues in Employee Performance - Essay Example However, having a sound output for the company depends on the quality of human capital one organisation has. In order to attain quality productivity, one must select competent personnel of which can deliver the expected output based on the set goals and objectives of the company. Moreover, on the other hand, those who have been employed in the company should be measured based on ones productivity and accomplishment, a process of which leads towards employees performance management. Primarily, employees’ performance management focuses on developing ones capabilities. Aguinis (2007) mentioned in one of his writings that performance management is â€Å"a continuous process of identifying, measuring and developing the performance of an individual.† Aguinis (2007) further added that this continuous capacity building needs clear objectives, observing and measuring performance and regular feedback. However, Cokins (2004) does not limit performance management to capacity buildi ng but rather â€Å"performance management helps managers to sense earlier and respond more quickly to uncertain changes.† Understanding the Nature of Employees According to Dan Hill (2008) employee management is the most emotional part of the business. It is a relationship that links the superior and the staff where interaction takes place and sometimes intense. Fast phased working environment mostly leads to misunderstanding or disagreement affecting office relationship. Emotionally confronted with reality cannot be avoided since it party dominate the relationship that shadows rationality and objectivity affecting company goals and specific work assignments. In some cases of which are highly damaging to the company’s reputation and as part of correcting the actions of which has negatively undertaken by an employee, immediate termination of employment should be considered and served to the employee. However, in less grievous cases, disciplinary action may take its pla ce in order to help the employee improve their quality to meet work standards. It should always be kept in mind that majority of employees would like to succeed in their respective position in which in order for an employee to advance to their respective careers, constant guidance and coaching is expected from their superior. This would help them improved and be recognized once ability enabling them to integrate concretely to the company’s operations giving them a sense of belongingness and for them to be able to recognize their personal problem and being able to improve oneself. Performance Management Wilson (2005) conferred that performance management has its own set of process, concept of which its approach has a holistic philosophy that integrates employees motivation, awareness of expectation from the superiors, personnel development and training, monitoring and performance measurement for them to be able to know the key areas for improvement. According to Mathis and Jac kson (2008) performance management should emanate from the organizations needs to meet its strategic objectives. Performance management serves as a strategy relating to every activity of organisation (Armstrong, 2005). Armstrong (2006) mentioned that installing a performance management system in the workplace creates an atmosphere that enables employees to performance in high

Cloud Computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Cloud Computing - Research Paper Example Cloud computing has a number of business uses, such as, website hosting, project management, cloud-based accounting and billing, and document storage. Technology Required To Use Cloud Computing The only requirements for an individual or a business to access the services of cloud computing include a computer system, an internet connection, and an agreement with the cloud services providing company. â€Å"As long as a computer has Internet access it will be able to use the application† (Cheow, 2010). Business Uses of Cloud Computing For businesses, cloud computing provides a number of benefits some of which include ease in data storage, workload shift, improved organization of business processes, cloud-based project management, and improved customer service. Companies can store their important files, such as, Microsoft word files, spreadsheets, and audio files on the cloud through internet and can access them whenever required. Companies can also enjoy website hosting through cl oud computing using this facility, companies do not need to buy any physical server for the hosting of their websites, rather they can make use of cloud hosting where they can increase or decrease the bandwidth as per business needs. Cloud-based project management is another business use of cloud computing. ... Usually business professionals need to install, configure, test, and run all hardware and software products on their own. Cloud computing eliminates such problems for clients because the providers of cloud services are responsible for managing all technical issues. Another benefit of cloud computing for businesses is that of workload shift. Using cloud-computing services, employees do not have to worry about applications’ management because the service providers take responsibility of many of the business processes related to sales and service management. As Strickland (n.d.) states, â€Å"local computers no longer have to do all the heavy lifting when it comes to running applications†. For businesses, some of the main benefits of using cloud computing services include ease of integration with proprietary systems, low capital investment, user friendly interface of software applications, and improved data management. If we talk about the expense of using cloud services, we can say that cloud computing cuts down many of the expenses for small businesses. The only expense is the monthly bill which client organizations need to pay to the service providers. However, there is no expense related to design and management of software applications because service providers bear all such expenses. Limitations of Using Cloud Computing Along with a number of benefits for businesses related to cloud computing, there also exist some limitations of using cloud-computing services. Some of those limitations include lack of security customization, less application visibility for clients, and loss of control due to increased dependency. However, privacy is the biggest concern for the users because sending of private data to the cloud does not seem to be safe. In addition, increased

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 34

Essay Example This caused the bank to lose focus and only strive for greater profit margins rather than expanding its customer base. After some time, the Union Bank of Norway realized its mistakes and attempted to correct them with the introduction of a single system that tracked the data of each individual customer. Information about their customer base would allow the Union Bank of Norway to correctly predict what its customer would prefer or not prefer in the future. The data warehouse that the bank came up with attempted to address all of these problems. By getting to know its customers, the Union Bank of Norway has been able to base its marketing decision around the characteristics of its customers. Not surprisingly, customer response has been good to this new endeavor. Customers generally like to help organizations wherever they can, so it makes sense to take advantage of this by providing an avenue for them to use. The retention of customer information has helped the Union Bank of Norway ge t back to its roots—working one-on-one with the

Effectiveness of Fall Prevention International Levels Essay

Effectiveness of Fall Prevention International Levels - Essay Example In a year between 700,000 and 1,000,000 people fall in the United States and have to access healthcare and social services through putting a strain on the effective use of resources for research and development in healthcare (Ganz, A., Huang C., Saliba D. et al., 2013). Financing a high number of such falls puts a strain on the health and social services in any country keeping in mind that these costs can be avoided by running effective fall prevention programs. Another social costs as a result of falling that could be alleviated by effective fall prevention are reducing the fear of falling, admittance to nursing facility, or reduced social and physical activity. These factors have health and social costs and effective fall prevention allows for the social planners and managers to have other services available for the people and improving healthcare that could be used up in provision of healthcare facilities and spaces for treating fall patients. The other benefit of effective fall prevention is the achievement of better standards of living by the community members and patients in healthcare facilities (Registered Nurses of Ontario, 2011). Effective fall prevention measures allows for reduced sicknesses from falls, reallocation of funds to other areas including education, better nutrition, housing, investment, among other areas from funds that could have facilitated access to treatments for injuries resulting from falls. The main challenge facing the achievement of effective prevention at the international level is the need for an interdisciplinary approach for care delivery for fall prevention. Fall prevention requires the concerted efforts of all individuals involved in care delivery for a patient. Different multiple disciplines and teams have to come together to provide effective fall prevention since one clinician no matter the extent of his/her talent cannot

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 13

Finance - Essay Example discounted payback period, accounting rate of return, net present value, internal rate of return, modified rate of return and profitability index (Shapiro & Balbirer, 2003, pp.242). However, I find Net Present Value (NPV) as the most reliable capital budgeting technique. I will support my point by providing a thorough comparative analysis of NPV with the four most common techniques, accounting rate of return, payback period and internal rate of return. Each method is explained with the help of numerical examples found in the Appendix. Net Present Value is a technique which takes into account the time value of money. NPV for a project is calculated by finding out the present value (PV) of all the future cash flows, which the investment in the project is expected to generate. The PV of future cash flows is found by discounting them at the expected rate of return or cost of capital. Then, sum of the PV of all cash flows is compared with the cost of investment (Hampton, 1998, pp. 328). The selection criterion of a project is that, if the PV of future cash flows is greater than the initial cost of investment, the project should be selected. In other words, NPV tells us the present worth of cash flows which would be generated by the project in future; hence, if the initial investment that we make today is less that the expected cash flows present value, it means we will cover our cost, only then it will be wise to select a project. The formula to calculate NPV is sum of present values of future cash flows minus initial investment cost. A rule says that any project which has NPV greater than $0 should be selected, however, in case of mutually exclusive projects; where you have to choose one out of all the alternatives, choose the one which shows a higher NPV. The following paragraphs will carry out an in-depth analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using this technique, so that we can have a clearer idea about situations when it can highly aid investment